| LR+, LR- | LR+, LR- - Likelihood ratio positive/negative - In evidence-based medicine, likelihood ratios are used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test. They use the sensitivity and specificity of the test to determine whether a test result usefully changes the probability that a condition (such as a disease state) exists. Two versions of the likelihood ratio exist, one for positive and one for negative test results. Respectively, they are known as the positive likelihood ratio (LR+, likelihood ratio positive, likelihood ratio for positive results) and negative likelihood ratio (LR–, likelihood ratio negative, likelihood ratio for negative results). | |
| LTP | LTP - Laser trabeculoplasty - Laser trabeculoplasty, both argon laser trabeculoplasty(ALT) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) types, is used to increase aqueous outflow facility through the trabecular meshwork (TM) in order to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in cases of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. | |
| MAS | MAS - Mandibular advancement splints - A mandibular splint or mandibular advancement splint (MAS) is a device worn in the mouth that is used to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring. These devices are also known as mandibular advancement devices, sleep apnea oral appliances, Oral Airway Dilators and sleep apnea mouth guards. | |
| MDCT | MDCT - Multidetector Computed Tomography - A form of computed tomography (CT) technology for diagnostic imaging. In MDCT, a two-dimensional array of detector elements replaces the linear array of detector elements used in typical conventional and helical CT scanners. | |
| MIBI scan | INN | MIBI scan - Tc-hexakis-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrate scan - myocardial perfusion scan - Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi (INN) (commonly sestamibi; USP: technetium Tc 99m sestamibi; trade name Cardiolite) is a pharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging. | |
| MRgFUS | MRgFUS - Magnetic resonance imaging guided high intensity focused ultrasound - MRgFUS uses high intensity focused ultrasonic waves to destroy (ablate) the fibroids under real-time monitoring of the treated tissue. The use of focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was first discovered in 1942. MRgFUS allows our interventional radiologist to localize, target, monitor, and control the energy delivered by the ultrasound machine to kill the fibroid, without knife or needle. | |
| MRI | MRI - Magnetic resonance imaging - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), or magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to investigate the anatomy and physiology of the body in both health and disease. MRI scanners use magnetic fields and radio waves to form images of the body. | |
| NPV | NPV - Negative predictive value - The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV respectively) are the proportions of positive and negative results in statistics and diagnostic tests that are true positive and true negative results. | |
| NYHA | NYHA - New York Heart Association Functional Classification - The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification provides a simple way of classifying the extent of heart failure. It places patients in one of four categories based on how much they are limited during physical activity; the limitations/symptoms are in regard to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath and/or angina pain. | |
| OSAHS | OSAHS - Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome - OSAHS is a syndrome associated with characteristic clinical picture and specific abnormalities on assessment. In OSAHS, there is repetitive collapse of the upper airway, which may be either partial or total resulting in hypopnea or apnea, respectively; during sleep, it occurs more than five times per hour (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI)). | |
| PAC | PAC - Pulmonary artery catheter - In medicine pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) is the insertion of a catheter into a pulmonary artery. Its purpose is diagnostic; it is used to detect heart failure or sepsis, monitor therapy, and evaluate the effects of drugs. | |
| PECLA | iLA | pECLA | PECLA - Pumpless extracorporeal lung assist - (i) Pumpless interventional lung assist (iLA) is used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) aimed at improving extracorporeal gas exchange with a membrane integrated in a passive arteriovenous shunt. (ii) pECLA is a promising alternative compared with conventional pump-driven systems for patients with ARDS and brain injury, since the pECLA system has minor restrictions, limitations and side effects. | |
| PET | PET - Positron emission tomography (PET is a nuclear medicine, functional imaging technique that produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body. The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer), which is introduced into the body on a biologically active molecule. | |
| PICC | PICC - Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter - PICC or PIC line) is a form of intravenous access that can be used for a prolonged period of time (e.g. for long chemotherapy regimens, extended antibiotic therapy, or total parenteral nutrition). | |
| PNF | PNF - Primary non-function - PNF means total and irreversible loss of function after transplantation - (i) Islet primary nonfunction (PNF) is defined as the loss of islet function after transplantation for reasons other than graft rejection. (ii) Primary nonfunction (PNF) after liver transplantation is life threatening. Future investigations to improve survival among liver transplant recipients with PNF are essential. | |
| PPV | PPV - Positive predictive value - The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV respectively) are the proportions of positive and negative results in statistics and diagnostic tests that are true positive and true negative results | |
| PSG | PSG - Polysomnography - PSG is a type of sleep study, is a multi-parametric test used in the study of sleep and as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine. The test result is called a polysomnogram, also abbreviated PSG. | |
| QALY | QALY - Quality-adjusted life-years - The quality-adjusted life year or quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) is a measure of disease burden, including both the quality and the quantity of life lived. | |
| QOL | QoL | QoL - Quality of life - Quality of life (QOL) is the general well-being of individuals and societies. QOL has a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, politics and employment. | |
| RD | RD - Retinal detachment - Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized or broad, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blindness. | |
| RFA | RFA - Radiofrequency ablation - (RFA) is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from high frequency alternating current (in the range of 350–500 kHz). | |
| RM3 | RM3 - Renal Preservation System - Perfusion Device for Pulsatile Kidney Preservation. | |
| ROC | ROC - Receiver operating characteristic - In statistics, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC), or ROC curve, is a graphical plot that illustrates the performance of a binary classifier system as its discrimination threshold is varied. The curve is created by plotting the true positive rate against the false positive rate at various threshold settings. | |
| RVOT | RVOT - Right ventricular outflow tract - (i) The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. (ii) The RVOT is an important anatomical feature in many corrective surgeries for congenital heart defects and dilation of the RVOT can cause pulmonary valve insufficiency. | |
| SAO2 | SaO2 | SaO2 - Oxygen saturation of arterial blood - Oxygen saturation is a term referring to the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. | |